/* SQL Server String Functions */
/*
1. CHARINDEX string function takes 2 arguments. 1st argument specifies the character whose index is to be retrieved and 2nd argument takes as a string from which character index is carried out.
Example:
*/
Select CHARINDEX ('S','MICROSOFT SQL SERVER 2000') --Result: 6
Select CHARINDEX ('ROS','MICROSOFT SQL SERVER 2000') --Result: 4
/*
2. LEFT string function takes 2 arguments. 1st argument takes as a string value and 2nd argument as integer value as length parameter. It returns first characters of specified length starting from the left side of the string entered as 1st argument.
Example:
*/
Select LEFT ('MICROSOFT SQL SERVER 2000',4)
--Result: MICR
/*
3. RIGHT string function takes 2 arguments. 1st argument takes as a string value and 2nd argument as integer value as length parameter. It returns last characters of specified length starting from the right side of the string entered as 1st argument.
Example:
*/
Select RIGHT ('MICROSOFT SQL SERVER 2000',4)
--Result: 2000
/*
4. LEN string function takes 1 argument as string value and returns the length of entered string.
Example:
*/
Select LEN ('MICROSOFT SQL SERVER 2000')
--Result: 25
/*
5. REPLACE string function takes 3 arguments.
1st argument as string value.
2nd argument is a part of string entered as 1st argument which is to be replaced.
3rd argument as a new string value that is to be placed at the place of 2nd argument.
Example:
*/
Select REPLACE ('MICROSOFT SQL SERVER 2000','MICROSOFT','MS')
--Result: MS SQL SERVER 2000
/*
6. STUFF string function takes 4 arguments. It is used to replace specified length of characters with provided pattern.
1st argument as string value.
2nd argument as integer value specifying the starting point of characters to be replaced.
3rd arguments as integer value specifying the length of characters.
4th argument as string value specifying the new pattern of characters.
Example:
*/
Select STUFF ('MICROSOFT SQL SERVER 2000', 11, 3,'S.Q.L.')
--Result: MICROSFT S.Q.L. SERVER 2000
/*
7. SUBSTRING string function returns the sub string of specified length starting from the entered start position. It takes 3 arguments.
1st argument as string value.
2nd argument as integer specifying the start position.
3rd argument as integer specifying the length
Example:
*/
Select SUBSTRING ('MICROSOFT SQL SERVER 2000', 11, 3)
--Result: SQL
/*
8. LOWER string function returns the lower case string whether the entered string has upper case letters. It takes 1 argument as string value.
Example:
*/
select LOWER('MICROSOFT ASP NET WEB HOSTING')
--Result: microsoft asp .net web hosting
/*
9. UPPER string function returns the upper case string whether the entered string has lower case letters. It takes 1 argument as string value.
Example:
*/
select UPPER(‘MICROSOFT ASP .NET WEB HOSTING with SQL Database’)
--Result: MICROSOFT ASP .NET WEB HOSTING WITH SQL DATABASE
/*
10. REVERSE string function returns the string in reverse order. It takes 1 argument as string value.
Example:
*/
select REVERSE(‘ASP.NET’)
--Result: TEN.PSA
/*
11. LTRIM function returns the string by removing all the blank spaces at left side. It also takes 1 argument as string value.
Example:
*/
Select LTRIM(' ASP')
--Result: ASP-----blanks at the right side not removed.
/*
12. RTRIM function returns the string by removing all the blank spaces at left side. It also takes 1 argument as string value.
Example:
*/
select RTRIM (‘ ASP ’)
--Result: -----ASPblanks at the left side not removed.
/*
13. PATINDEX function returns the position of first occurrence of specified pattern in the provided string. It takes 2 arguments.
1st argument as string value specifying the pattern to match
2nd argument as string value specifying the string to compare.
Example:
*/
select PATINDEX('%RO%','MICROSOFT')
--Results: 4
/*
14. STR function returns character data converted from numeric data. It takes 3 arguments.
1st argument as float data
2nd argument as integer value specifying the length of the string including decimal that is to be retrieved.
3rd argument as integer specifying the number of places to the right of the decimal point.
Example:
*/
select STR(140.15, 6, 1)
--Result: 140.2
/*
15. ASCII function returns the ASCII code value from the leftmost character specified character expression. It takes 1 argument as string/character expression.
Example:
*/
select ASCII('A')
--Result: 65
/*
16. CHAR function that converts an int ASCII code to a character
Example:
*/
Select CHAR(78)
-- Result: N
/*
17. NCHAR - Returns the Unicode character with the given integer code, as defined by the Unicode standard.
Example:
*/
Select NCHAR(4)
--Result: J
/*
18. SOUNDEX - Returns a four-character (SOUNDEX) code to evaluate the similarity of two strings.
Syntax
SOUNDEX ( character_expression )
Examples
This example shows the SOUNDEX function and the related DIFFERENCE function. In the first example, the standard SOUNDEX values are returned for all consonants. Returning the SOUNDEX for Smith and Smythe returns the same SOUNDEX result because all vowels, the letter y, doubled letters, and the letter h, are not included.
-- Using SOUNDEX
*/
SELECT SOUNDEX ('Smith'), SOUNDEX ('Smythe')
/*
Here is the result set:
----- -----
S530 S530
*/
/*
19. QUOTENAME - Returns a Unicode string with the delimiters added to make the input string a valid Microsoft® SQL Server™ delimited identifier.
Syntax
QUOTENAME ( 'character_string' [ , 'quote_character' ] )
Example:
This example takes the character string abc[]def and uses the [ and ] characters to create a valid SQL Server quoted (delimited) identifier.
*/
SELECT QUOTENAME('abc[]def')
/* Here is the result set:
[abc[]]def]
*/
/*
20. UNICODE
Returns the integer value, as defined by the Unicode standard, for the first character of the input expression.
Syntax - UNICODE ( 'ncharacter_expression' )
Example:
*/
Select UNICODE(197)
--
/*
21. SPACE - Include space
Example:
*/
Select 'a' + SPACE(1)+ 'b'
--Result: 'a b'
